The main aim of measuring physical activity is to determine whether an individual, group or population is meeting the national physical activity guidelines. There are a variety of methods of assessing physical activity. They can be grouped into two categories: subjective & objective measures.
Subjective Methods of assessing physical activity depend on our own perceptions (recalling or remembering). They are predominantly used for measurement in populations. Subject measures include, diaries, logs and recall surveys.
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Objective Methods of assessing physical activity often rely on solid data or observations. These methods are predominantly used for measurement in individuals.Objective measures include pedometers, hear rate monitors, accelerometers and direct observation.
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Technology is a double-edged sword. Computers, for example, contribute to sedentary leisure-time behaviours (e.g., playing sedentary computer games). On the other hand, technology has been used to promote physical activity and change exercise behaviour. For years, pedometers, accelerometers, and heart rate monitors have been used as motivational tools. Newer technologies and approaches being used to promote physical activity include global positioning system (GPS), geographic information systems (GIS), interactive video games, and persuasive technology. Here are a few examples of the emerging technology that can be used to promote and monitor physical activity.
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Choosing a MethodThe purpose of the assessment and the number of people to be assessed will also determine the best method to use to measure physical activity. The purpose of measuring physical activity at the population level is to record the frequency and distribution of physical activity in defined population groups (i.e. factors that influence physical activity) in order to:
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Trade Off: Practicality Vs AccuracyThe more practical an instrument, the less accurate e.g. recall surveys and pedometers. The more accurate an instrument, the less practical e.g. direct observation.
The assessment of physical activity levels of large numbers will require the use of more practical measures, whereas the assessment of physical activity levels of individuals will require the use of more accurate measures. |